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KMID : 1134820210500080774
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Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
2021 Volume.50 No. 8 p.774 ~ p.782
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Effects of Vanillic Acid on the Differentiation and Mineralization of Osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 Cells
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Seo Hyun-Ju
Son Kun-Ho
Hwang Jin-Hyeon
Kim Dong-Ha
Park Yu-Seong
Kwun In-Sook
Cho Young-Eun
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Abstract
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Vanillic acid (VA), namely 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy benzoic acid, is one of the major compounds isolated from the bioactive fraction of Viticis Fructus. VA is derived from dihydroxybenzoic acid, an oxidized form of vanillin. Although studies on the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer pharmacologic properties of VA have been conducted, there is little research on the effect of VA on bone metabolism. The objective of the present study was to investigate the potential anti-osteoporotic properties of VA on the differentiation and mineralization in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. These cells were cultured in 0, 0.1, 1, 10 μg/mL VA for 3, 6, and 9 days. The MTT assay results showed that VA had not changed the osteoblastic cell proliferation. Extracellular alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity increased as VA concentration increased at 9 days. ALP staining was also elevated as VA concentration increased at 6 and 9 days. Markedly, VA significantly increased the mineralized nodules in a dose-dependent manner at 3, 6, and 9 days. In addition, VA significantly increased the expression of the bone differentiation marker ALP at 3 days. The expression of the bone-specific transcription factor Runx2 protein was also elevated in the VA-treated osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells at 3 days. The expression of the downstream regulator of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) signaling, phosphorylation of ERK (p-ERK) was slightly elevated in VA-treated osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells at 3 days. Our results suggest that VA regulates osteoblast differentiation and mineralization in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. Taken together, our results clearly demonstrate that VA may be useful in preventing osteoporosis through the stimulation of osteoblastic differentiation and mineralization.
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KEYWORD
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vanillic acid, osteoblastic MC3T3-E1, differentiation, mineralization, BMP-2 signaling
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